Relativistic jets are observed across the entire electromagnetic spectrum in a variety of astrophysical systems, such as active galactic nuclei (AGNs), gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), and some black hole X-ray binaries, being launched from compact objects (black holes or neutron stars) typically surrounded by accretion discs. They are well-collimated outflows of plasma and fields, propagating with velocities close to the speed of light. Relativistic jets are supersonic, producing shocks that lead to a turbulent magnetic field, which can play an important role in acceleration of jet particles. They are also sources of kinetic instabilities driven by currents and shears as well as magnetic reconnection.
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